There are literally hundreds of tools available to manage large projects with Gantt charts, and Microsoft Project is probably the most popular. In this case, the super-structure is kind of agile, with each phase planned as a Gantt chart to deal with budgets and complex dependencies. Other large projects may include multiple product releases (e.g., minimum viable product, second version, third version, etc.). For example, large projects may use a Gantt chart for a scrum sprint and ignore other details like user stories, thereby embedding agile phases. Gantt charts have always been used in waterfall project methodologies, but they can also be used with agile. Drawing all of the project's activities on a timeline produces a bar chart called a Gantt chart.
Once the project plan is approved by the people in charge of the money, you use it to track the project's execution. You create a project plan and split it into smaller pieces until you can reasonably assign costs, duration, resources, and dependencies to the various activities. The approach to project management in the world of large projects is quite simple (in theory at least). Projects like building a satellite, developing a robot, or launching a new product are all expensive, involve different providers, and contain hard dependencies that must be tracked.
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